Project Management Process

Pair Programming

🔍 What is Pair Programming?

• A software development technique.

• Two developers work together at one workstation.

• One is the Driver: types the code.

• One is the Observer/Navigator: reviews, thinks ahead.
  
  

🎯 Why We Need It:
1. Better Code Quality via real-time review.
2. Faster Problem Solving through two minds.
3. Promotes knowledge sharing and onboarding.
4. Reduces defects and debugging time.
5. Encourages team cohesion.
6. Helps spread domain and tech knowledge.

⚙️ How to Implement:
1. Use for complex or critical tasks.
2. Match pairs by experience or goal (learning or delivery).
3. Rotate pairs regularly to avoid burnout.
4. Use VS Code Live Share, Tuple, or JetBrains Code With Me.
5. Agree on coding conventions beforehand.
6. Alternate driver/navigator every 30–60 mins.
7. Ensure psychological safety – no blame culture.
8. Apply retrospectives to improve pairing effectiveness.
9. Avoid pairing all day – do it strategically.
10. Track benefits via fewer bugs, faster onboarding, better collaboration.

Code Refactoring

The process of reengineering the code, as you have continuous delivery, you have modifications all the time, by adding, removing, slicing, and creating new objects.

Moreover, you need to maintain code quality in each sprint, which requires exerting additional effort, in order to:

1. Maintain code smells

2. Decrease duplications

3. Reduce source code complexity 

Key Reasons for conducting Code refactoring:

• Remove technical debt

• Improve performance or structure

• Make code easier to test and modify

• Prepare for new features

• Adopt coding standards (XP, Clean Code)

When to Code Refactoring?

• Before adding features: Clean code to make feature integration easier.

• After fixing bugs: Ensure bug fixes don’t degrade code structure.

• During code reviews: Refactor as part of continuous improvement.

• While applying XP/TDD: Refactor after green test in TDD cycle.

• When code smells: Detect patterns like duplication, long methods.

Best practice for code refactoring:

1. Refactor with Tests in Place: Use unit tests or TDD to ensure behavior doesn't break.
   Refactor is safe only when code is covered.

2. Apply Small, Incremental Changes: Make small, isolated changes—easier to debug and rollback.
   Avoid big rewrites; they invite new bugs.

3. Use Meaningful Names: Rename variables, functions, and classes to improve clarity.
   Code should explain itself.

4. Automate with Refactoring Tools: which will increase reusability, give recommendations for merging repeated code, even with exact or strong matches, Use IDE tools (e.g., IntelliJ, VS Code, Eclipse) for safe, efficient changes.
   Reduces human error.

5. Remove Duplication (DRY): Eliminate repeated logic by extracting shared functionality. The previous point will also help.
   Duplication leads to inconsistencies.

6. Improve Code Modularity: Break down large classes/modules using Single Responsibility Principle (SRP).
   Encourages cohesion and separation of concerns.

7. Extract Methods/Functions: Split long methods into smaller, reusable ones.
   Improves readability, testability, and reuse.

8. Simplify Conditionals: Replace nested or complex if-else logic with clear, flat logic.
   Enhances understandability and reduces bugs.

9. Replace Magic Numbers/Strings: Use constants or enums instead.
   Improves maintainability and intent.

10. Inline or Remove Unused Code: Delete dead code, unused parameters, and legacy logic.
    Cleaner code = faster understanding.
    
    

Unit Testing

The key deliverable for confirming the quality of software developers' source code before deployment to the quality team.

The key benefits of implementing unit testing:

1. Having rerunnable tests

2. Detect source code change impact before production

3. Proactively resolve issues

Guidelines:

1. Test function behavior, not technical function implementation

2. Add positive and negative scenarios

3. Increase code coverage to confirm that you write exact-match source code

Key measurement:

1. Code Coverage

2. Unit testing effort: <10% of task effort

Testing Tools:

1. JUnit

2. XUnit

3. MSTest

Measurement tools:

1. SonarCloud

2. SonarQube

Coding Standards:

The key deliverable for confirming the quality of the software developers' source code before 

1. Team Agreement: All developers collaborate to define consistent rules (naming, formatting, structure).

2. Automated Linters/Formatters: Use tools like ESLint, Prettier (JS), Checkstyle (Java), or Black (Python).

3. Pair Programming: Enforces real-time adherence as two developers write code together.

4. Code Reviews (Peer Reviews): Optionally supplement pairing with peer review to catch violations.

5. Refactoring: Continuously apply standards while improving code structure.

6. CI Integration: Add linters and format checks in the CI pipeline to block non-compliant code.

7. Shared IDE Settings: Use shared configurations or .editorconfig to unify formatting across tools.

8. Documentation: Document standards in a visible, editable place (e.g., README, internal wiki).

9. Automation: You can inject into the pipeline automation tools for the coding standards, like SonarCloud.